The Hidden Carbon Cost of the 2026 Middle East War: Military Emissions and Reconstruction’s Long-Term Climate Burden
Armed conflicts generate substantial greenhouse gas emissions across three scopes under the GHG Protocol framework: Scope 1: Direct emissions from military operations (fuel combustion in aircraft, ships, tanks, and vehicles). Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased electricity and heat used by military bases and facilities. Scope 3: All other indirect emissions, most significantly those embedded…